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---
## What transverse response changes
ASD relates electromagnetic propagation to transverse shear–torsion response of space. Free propagation, sourced dressing fields and closed material orientation belong to the same physical picture while retaining their own variables, boundaries and dynamical equations.
Beyond volume change, a region can change shape and orientation. Linear propagation uses a length-dimensional transverse state $\mathbf u_T$ satisfying $\nabla\cdot\mathbf u_T=0$. For a plane wave its perturbation is perpendicular to wave vector $\mathbf k$. Local shear and rotation depend on its spatial derivatives, rather than being entirely a coordinate rotation.
Related degrees of freedom participate in different solutions: a moving charge has a sourced structure with comoving boundaries; free electromagnetic radiation propagates in an exterior source-free region; a candidate matter core involves nonlinear closed orientation and finite-energy boundaries. Different sources, boundaries and amplitudes prevent these objects from being identified by the word “transverse.”
The [Chapter 3 construction](/en/theory/electromagnetism) already starts from Coulomb interaction and LVE true distances. This page continues to continuum representation and propagation without replacing that derivation with standard field transformations.
## From a transverse state to free electromagnetic variables
In homogeneous source-free radiation, choose a transverse channel and compatible boundaries, then normalize a vector potential with constant $N_T$:
$\mathbf A_T$ is the transverse potential, and $\mathbf E_T,\mathbf B_{\rm em}$ its free electric and magnetic fields. The em label distinguishes the magnetic field from propagation-coefficient matrices. SI units are $[\mathbf A_T]=\mathrm{V\,s\,m^{-1}}$ and $[N_T]=\mathrm{V\,s\,m^{-2}}$ for length-dimensional $\mathbf u_T$. Magnetic field is related to dimensionless curl by normalization, rather than identical to it.
Chapter 5's source-free channel action is $Z_T[|\partial_t\mathbf u_T|^2-c^2|\nabla\mathbf u_T|^2]/2$. Substitution and comparison of integrated actions, using divergence-free fields and vanishing boundary terms, require
$$
\epsilon_0N_T^2=Z_T,\qquad \epsilon_0\mu_0=c^{-2}.
$$
The first condition matches kinetic terms, the second spatial terms. The wave equation and field definitions yield the free Maxwell effective system:
$$
\nabla\cdot\mathbf E_T=0,\quad\nabla\cdot\mathbf B_{\rm em}=0,\quad
\nabla\times\mathbf E_T=-\partial_t\mathbf B_{\rm em},\quad
\nabla\times\mathbf B_{\rm em}=c^{-2}\partial_t\mathbf E_T.
$$
This result is established under the specified channel, gauge and coefficient matching. The [EM waves page](/en/theory/electromagnetism/electromagnetic-waves) retains its Chapter 3 derivation. Microscopic work must further determine $N_T$ and the source, without turning the completed effective result back into an unperformed calculation.
## Sourced representation needs a scalar potential and current
With charges, $\mathbf A_T$ alone cannot enforce the electrostatic constraint. Chapter 5 introduces $V_{\rm em}$ and defines $\mathbf E=-\nabla V_{\rm em}-\partial_t\mathbf A$, $\mathbf B_{\rm em}=\nabla\times\mathbf A$. Effective charge density and current couple through
$$
\mathcal L_{\rm em}=\frac{\epsilon_0}{2}|\mathbf E|^2-\frac{1}{2\mu_0}|\mathbf B_{\rm em}|^2+\mathbf J_{\rm em}\cdot\mathbf A-\rho_{\rm em}V_{\rm em}
$$
Variation of scalar and vector potentials gives
$$
\nabla\cdot\mathbf E=\rho_{\rm em}/\epsilon_0,\qquad
\nabla\times\mathbf B_{\rm em}-c^{-2}\partial_t\mathbf E=\mu_0\mathbf J_{\rm em}.
$$
The other two Maxwell equations follow from field definitions. Gauge changes $\mathbf A\mapsto\mathbf A+\nabla\chi$, $V_{\rm em}\mapsto V_{\rm em}-\partial_t\chi$ leave fields invariant, and the source action changes by a boundary term when $\partial_t\rho_{\rm em}+\nabla\cdot\mathbf J_{\rm em}=0$. This $\chi$ is a gauge function, distinct from Chapter 4's real amplitude.
In Coulomb gauge the transverse potential is sourced by $P_T\mathbf J_{\rm em}$. This spatially nonlocal projection must be combined with the scalar potential to calculate the physical electric field. A potential in arbitrary gauge is not uniquely a physical displacement. The supplied effective source action has definite variational results; its microscopic interface must identify topological charges, currents and coupling strengths.
## Localized dressing and far-zone radiation
A source-associated structure involves joint adjustment of matter and field. An isolated charge's stable uniformly moving dressed state does not continuously radiate merely because exterior fields exist. Acceleration or internal change instead requires checking intersections between source and free spectra, nonzero source projections and outward energy flux.
Chapter 5 derives acceleration radiation and power in a specified low-speed, small-source Maxwell effective limit. These restrictions belong to radiation expansion, without narrowing Chapter 3's untruncated common-velocity transverse magnetic relation. General high-speed sources require full retarded time, source relations and probe response; see the [moving-charge field](/en/theory/electromagnetism/moving-charge-field).
Free radiation permits geometric spreading. A divergence-free state describes a field constraint, without implying absence of spreading, absorption or scattering in material receivers.
## From orientation to localized structure and feedback
A strongly nonlinear closed core needs more than a free transverse wave. Chapter 4's $Q\in SU(2)$ with amplitude $\chi$, or Chapter 5's real $\Theta_A$, supports orientation, locking and stabilizing terms. Renaming a free $\mathbf u_T$ packet does not produce a particle solution; local curl or a drawn loop does not define complete orientation topology.
If that structure produces a longitudinal background, source and feedback should derive from one action. [L–T coupling](/en/theory/space-dynamics/longitudinal-transverse-coupling) has a concrete cubic candidate and reciprocal variation. The [master equation](/en/theory/space-dynamics/master-equation) examines displacement, order parameters and gravitational extensions. [Matter & Topology](/en/theory/matter) continues with stable localized solutions and charge sources.