---
{
"id": "ASD-SD-OVERVIEW-EN",
"path": "/en/theory/space-dynamics",
"title": "Space Dynamics Foundation",
"title_en": "Space Dynamics Foundation",
"category": "Space Dynamics",
"summary": "Connect gravitational scale and electromagnetic transverse structure through spatial states, propagation, coupling and microscopic realizations.",
"template": "theory",
"version": "1.0.0",
"updated": "2026-10-24",
"canonical": true,
"source_tier": "canonical",
"theory_status": "EFFECTIVE MODEL",
"evidence_status": "UNTESTED",
"locale": "en",
"module_key": "space-dynamics",
"module_navigation": [
{
"path": "/en/theory/space-dynamics",
"label": "Overview",
"en": "Overview"
},
{
"path": "/en/theory/space-dynamics/degrees-of-freedom",
"label": "Degrees of freedom",
"en": "Degrees of freedom"
},
{
"path": "/en/theory/space-dynamics/longitudinal-field",
"label": "Longitudinal field",
"en": "Longitudinal field"
},
{
"path": "/en/theory/space-dynamics/transverse-field",
"label": "Transverse field",
"en": "Transverse field"
},
{
"path": "/en/theory/space-dynamics/wave-propagation",
"label": "Wave propagation",
"en": "Wave propagation"
},
{
"path": "/en/theory/space-dynamics/longitudinal-waves",
"label": "Longitudinal waves",
"en": "Longitudinal waves"
},
{
"path": "/en/theory/space-dynamics/longitudinal-transverse-coupling",
"label": "L–T coupling",
"en": "L–T coupling"
},
{
"path": "/en/theory/space-dynamics/continuum-dynamics",
"label": "Continuum dynamics",
"en": "Continuum dynamics"
},
{
"path": "/en/theory/space-dynamics/fcc-model",
"label": "FCC-like model",
"en": "FCC-like model"
},
{
"path": "/en/theory/space-dynamics/master-equation",
"label": "Master equation",
"en": "Master equation"
},
{
"path": "/en/tests/space-dynamics",
"label": "Tests",
"en": "Tests"
}
],
"canonical_scope": "Continuum foundation; status specified per claim",
"source_chapter": "Chapters 4 and 5",
"source_reference": "Ch. 4 §§4.1–4.2; Ch. 5 §§5.1, 5.4, 5.6–5.7",
"source_version": "ASD-BOOK-ddbade997b45",
"source_sha256": "dace8ff491b4e4ae8a59b2b98e2a6c9c10e689079021ce0bc117985baba68e86",
"source_kind": "manifest",
"source_records": [
{
"id": "ASD-BOOK-ddbade997b45",
"title": "各向异性空间动力学（最终合订稿）",
"filename": "各向异性空间动力学.docx",
"format": "docx",
"size_bytes": 503564,
"sha256": "ddbade997b45913248e588953b1d27ccb9c7c206c3c8d992d3aef2364a64836e"
}
],
"source_manifest": "final-manuscript-source-manifest.json",
"source_manifest_url": "/downloads/ASD_Final_Manuscript_Source_Manifest.json",
"last_reviewed": "2026-09-15",
"depends_on": [
"/theory/gravity",
"/theory/electromagnetism"
],
"related": [
"/en/theory/space-dynamics/degrees-of-freedom",
"/en/tests/space-dynamics",
"/en/theory/matter"
],
"open_problems": [
"/en/open-problems/space-dynamics/unified-dynamics",
"/en/open-problems/space-dynamics/equal-speed",
"/en/open-problems/space-dynamics/stable-topology",
"/en/open-problems/space-dynamics/continuum-microscopic",
"/en/open-problems/space-dynamics/longitudinal-wave-detection",
"/en/open-problems/space-dynamics/source-coupling",
"/en/open-problems/matter/electron-solution"
],
"equations": [
"sd-helmholtz",
"sd-quadratic-action",
"sd-equal-speed"
],
"sources": [
{
"label": "Final combined manuscript — adopted scope documented on this page",
"kind": "final-combined-manuscript",
"url": "/downloads/ASD_Final_Manuscript_Source_Manifest.json"
},
{
"label": "Previous source: CH4-9587f3c44d39 · 第四章-ASD空间本体论-出版整理稿.docx",
"kind": "historical-source"
},
{
"label": "Previous source: CH5-ca737ec4e327 · 第五章-出版整理稿.docx",
"kind": "historical-source"
}
],
"outline": [
"From phenomena to spatial states",
"Volume, shape and orientation as fields",
"From response energy to evolution",
"Free propagation and localized matter",
"Tracing the continuum to microscopic links",
"From field solutions to readings and matter"
],
"seo_title": "Space Dynamics Foundation | Anisotropic Space Dynamics",
"canonical_url": "https://asd-physics.org/en/theory/space-dynamics",
"translation_path": "/theory/space-dynamics",
"mathematical_review": "CONDITIONAL",
"evidence_note": "Constraints, consistency and detection proposals are recorded separately; they do not constitute independent experimental verification.",
"equation": "sd-helmholtz",
"translation_of": "/theory/space-dynamics",
"translation_version": "1.0.0",
"section_anchors": [
"shared-question",
"state-sectors",
"action-and-propagation",
"waves-and-localization",
"microscopic-correspondence",
"measurement-and-matter"
],
"legacy_anchors": {
"s0": "shared-question",
"s1": "state-sectors",
"s2": "action-and-propagation",
"s3": "microscopic-correspondence",
"s4": "measurement-and-matter",
"s5": "measurement-and-matter"
},
"final_source": {
"source_id": "ASD-BOOK-ddbade997b45",
"chapter": "Chapters 4 and 5",
"reference": "Ch. 4 §§4.1–4.2; Ch. 5 §§5.1, 5.4, 5.6–5.7",
"locators": [
"p1295",
"p1296",
"p1314–1355",
"p1738–1741",
"p2208–2307"
],
"adopted_scope": "Spatial ontology, longitudinal/transverse degrees of freedom, common speed, FCC and matter interfaces",
"conditions": [
"Long waves, small amplitudes and stated constitutive inputs; specify sources and boundaries together"
],
"unresolved": [],
"migration_status": "reviewed",
"manuscript_sha256": "ddbade997b45913248e588953b1d27ccb9c7c206c3c8d992d3aef2364a64836e",
"source_manifest": "final-manuscript-source-manifest.json",
"body_review": "updated"
},
"previous_source": {
"source_chapter": "Chapter 4 / 第四章 · Chapter 5 / 第五章",
"source_reference": "Ch. 4 §§4.1–4.2.2, 4.5.6; Ch. 5 §§1, 4, 6",
"source_version": "SD-51779505a476",
"source_sha256": "51779505a4766d2211550c6598875bbbab0c3dac14d68dd3f2107778b05deb0b",
"source_kind": "manifest",
"source_records": [
{
"id": "CH4-9587f3c44d39",
"title": "第四章-ASD空间本体论-出版整理稿.docx",
"sha256": "9587f3c44d3974f44e387ed03d92691fa5473a90d7b1c9c989155adf0622849a",
"format": "docx"
},
{
"id": "CH5-ca737ec4e327",
"title": "第五章-出版整理稿.docx",
"sha256": "ca737ec4e327d72c5507bbc8e00295b6e56029c7583ebad8e505cdb9c68c6262",
"format": "docx"
}
],
"source_manifest": "space-dynamics-source-manifest.json",
"source_manifest_url": "/downloads/ASD_Space_Dynamics_Source_Manifest.json",
"sources": [
{
"label": "CH4-9587f3c44d39 · 第四章-ASD空间本体论-出版整理稿.docx",
"kind": "supplied-manuscript"
},
{
"label": "CH5-ca737ec4e327 · 第五章-出版整理稿.docx",
"kind": "supplied-manuscript"
}
]
}
}
---
## From phenomena to spatial states
ASD treats three-dimensional space as a physical medium with longitudinal density, transverse shear–torsion and nonlinear orientation degrees of freedom; propagating fields and localized matter organize the same spatial state in different ways. Chapter 4 establishes these objects, and Chapter 5 supplies discrete links, continuum propagation, reciprocal coupling and an explicitly variational dual-field action.
Gravity and electromagnetism both use spatial states as part of the physical explanation in ASD. Gravity relates spatial scale to propagating wavelengths, material standards and frequency readings. Electromagnetism evaluates moving-charge interaction at the LVE true interaction distance, then describes fields and propagation with continuous transverse variables. This raises a further question: how does the spatial state evolve and exchange energy and momentum with matter?
Space Dynamics starts from that question. It studies changes in local volume, shape and orientation, and how those changes propagate and drive one another. The spatial-medium picture assigns states and dynamic response to space itself; its microscopic constituents are not assumed to be ordinary material atoms already located in space. Continuum fields describe those states on larger scales, while matter requires a localized structure that can persist.
This construction inherits the earlier ASD relations and introduces dynamical inputs. Describing two phenomena as spatial structures does not supply a common equation. Independent variables, restoring energy, sources, constraints and boundaries must be specified before calculating a response.
## Volume, shape and orientation as fields
Choose a reference background, label positions by $\mathbf x$, and use $t$ as the process-evolution parameter. At long wavelengths and small amplitudes, the manuscripts use a length-dimensional field $\mathbf u(\mathbf x,t)$ for displacement-type spatial states, or for equivalent state changes under a declared normalization. The coordinate identifies where a state is examined; the field describes its change relative to the background.
With suitable decay on all space or compatible boundary conditions,
The divergence of the longitudinal part describes local volume change. The transverse part describes divergence-free shear and orientation response. The small-deformation relative density is compression-positive, $\sigma=-\nabla\cdot\mathbf u_L$. Curl $\nabla\times\mathbf u_T$ describes local rotation; it does not contain all shear or define a three-dimensional topological charge.
The [degrees of freedom](/en/theory/space-dynamics/degrees-of-freedom) therefore precede the two sectors. The [longitudinal field](/en/theory/space-dynamics/longitudinal-field) distinguishes local density from a long-range gravitational scale potential. The [transverse field](/en/theory/space-dynamics/transverse-field) distinguishes sourced structures, free radiation and nonlinear orientation cores.
## From response energy to evolution
Changes in the field have a restoring cost and a dynamic response to their rate of change. Chapter 4 uses the following quadratic Lagrangian density in a homogeneous, small-amplitude background:
The positive coefficient $\rho_s$ weights the time-derivative response; $K_L,K_T>0$ weight longitudinal and transverse restoration. Their mass-density and pressure dimensions follow from the field and action normalization, without adding a hypothesis of material balls composing space. Variation of this constitutive model gives evolution and the ratios $c_L^2=K_L/\rho_s$, $c_T^2=K_T/\rho_s$.
The matter-free, external-field-free ASD ground state uses a common limiting speed:
The result on the right follows from the coefficient matching on the left. Why microscopic dynamics meets that matching is a separate question; neither the fixed numerical definition of light speed nor FCC symmetry supplies the answer. [Wave propagation](/en/theory/space-dynamics/wave-propagation) develops variation, polarization, flux and the coupled spectrum. [Continuum dynamics](/en/theory/space-dynamics/continuum-dynamics) organizes parameters, sources and boundaries into a calculable system.
## Free propagation and localized matter
Given initial perturbations, free longitudinal and transverse waves propagate and carry energy. A selected transverse electromagnetic channel already has a free Maxwell effective representation under specified gauge, normalization and coefficient matching. The longitudinal density mode also has a wave equation and energy expression, but its receiver coupling must be calculated separately. Sharing light's speed does not identify it with an established particle or prescribe the same detection response.
An outward-propagating packet has not yet become stable matter. A localized structure must have finite energy and resist contraction, distortion and splitting. Strong orientation changes may require amplitude and compact orientation variables. If a localized transverse structure also produces a longitudinal background, the two need reciprocal coupling. Chapter 5 provides a variational cubic candidate and a local energy bound, giving concrete dynamics to examine.
Propagation, exchange and stability are distinct calculations. A local lower energy bound does not prove a particle solution exists, and driven local density does not automatically produce the required gravitational far field. Those interfaces must be established before the matter construction can close.
## Tracing the continuum to microscopic links
With specified effective coefficients, continuum equations calculate waves, energies and boundary responses. A microscopic model must explain those coefficients, directional dispersion and the scale at which the continuum fails. The FCC candidate supplies twelve-neighbour adjacency and a selected link law; Chapter 5 retains its discrete action, continuum expansion and exact scalar dispersion. The [FCC page](/en/theory/space-dynamics/fcc-model) develops those calculations.
A continuum does not uniquely imply FCC, and FCC geometry does not alone determine vector dynamics. Calculations that use equal-weight FCC links retain that dependence. Results requiring only continuum variables, boundaries and declared constitutive inputs can be tested separately, allowing comparison with other discrete or nonlattice realizations.
The diagram has two reading directions: phenomena constrain common dynamics, while dynamics must recover the corresponding physical limits. It shows construction relationships, without treating every arrow as a closed derivation.
## From field solutions to readings and matter
Observations still require material standards and instruments. Gravity follows spatial scale → associated wavelength and standard-process response → frequency reading. Electromagnetism connects the source, field and probe response. A longitudinal-wave proposal must specify excitation, propagation, reception and reference systems. The [test matrix](/en/tests/space-dynamics) distinguishes existing constraints, consistency conditions and proposed detection work.
The [master-equation page](/en/theory/space-dynamics/master-equation) assembles candidate components that can be varied together and identifies the remaining joint closure of gravitational far fields, equal speeds after feedback, moving families and stable localization. [Matter & Topology](/en/theory/matter) then asks how a finite localized structure exists and stays stable. Charge, mass and spin require calculations from a solution rather than assignment to a closed drawing.