--- { "path": "/en/theory/cosmology", "title": "Cosmology exploration: spatial backgrounds, matter and evolution", "category": "Cosmology", "summary": "Connect spatial ordering, thermal transport of open modes and candidate gravitational responses to cosmological questions and their remaining interfaces.", "related": [ "/en/theory/cosmology/dark-matter", "/en/theory/cosmology/cmb", "/en/theory/cosmology/structure-formation" ], "chapter": "第五章", "id": "ASD-DOC-THEORY-COSMOLOGY-EN", "template": "field", "version": "1.1", "updated": "2026-10-24", "canonical": false, "source_tier": "website-guide", "depends_on": [ "/en/theory/gravity", "/en/theory/matter" ], "open_problems": [], "equations": [], "sources": [ { "label": "Final combined manuscript — adopted scope documented on this page", "kind": "final-combined-manuscript", "url": "/downloads/ASD_Final_Manuscript_Source_Manifest.json" }, { "label": "Previous source: CH5-ca737ec4e327 · Chapter 5 publication manuscript · Part V", "kind": "historical-source" }, { "label": "Current space dynamics source manifest (identifies the same Chapter 5 file; module scopes remain separate)", "kind": "source-identity", "url": "/downloads/ASD_Space_Dynamics_Source_Manifest.json" } ], "theory_status": "HYPOTHESIS", "evidence_status": "UNTESTED", "title_en": "Cosmology exploration: spatial backgrounds, matter and evolution", "locale": "en", "translation_of": "/theory/cosmology", "translation_path": "/theory/cosmology", "translation_version": "1.1", "canonical_url": "https://asd-physics.org/en/theory/cosmology", "outline": [ "From local spatial states to cosmological questions", "Backgrounds, open modes and localized structures", "Formation and transport answer different questions", "Turning gravitational response into an observable", "Starting a calculation and the present scope", "Sources and further reading" ], "section_anchors": [ "common-question", "background-and-modes", "formation-and-transport", "gravitational-response", "calculation-and-scope", "sources" ], "legacy_anchors": { "s0": "common-question", "s1": "background-and-modes", "s2": "formation-and-transport", "s3": "gravitational-response", "s4": "calculation-and-scope", "s5": "calculation-and-scope", "s6": "calculation-and-scope", "s7": "background-and-modes", "s8": "sources", "s9": "calculation-and-scope" }, "source_version": "ASD-BOOK-ddbade997b45", "source_sha256": "dace8ff491b4e4ae8a59b2b98e2a6c9c10e689079021ce0bc117985baba68e86", "source_reference": "§5, (5.5.1)–(5.5.31)", "source_records": [ { "id": "ASD-BOOK-ddbade997b45", "title": "各向异性空间动力学（最终合订稿）", "filename": "各向异性空间动力学.docx", "format": "docx", "size_bytes": 503564, "sha256": "ddbade997b45913248e588953b1d27ccb9c7c206c3c8d992d3aef2364a64836e" } ], "final_source": { "source_id": "ASD-BOOK-ddbade997b45", "chapter": "Chapter 5", "reference": "§5, (5.5.1)–(5.5.31)", "locators": [ "p2108", "p2133", "p2162", "p2207", "p2306" ], "adopted_scope": "Five spatial-response regimes and common energy accounting", "conditions": [ "Each candidate keeps its own background, constitutive inputs and energy normalization; no combined observational fit" ], "unresolved": [], "migration_status": "reviewed", "manuscript_sha256": "ddbade997b45913248e588953b1d27ccb9c7c206c3c8d992d3aef2364a64836e", "source_manifest": "final-manuscript-source-manifest.json", "body_review": "updated" }, "editorial_date": "2026-10-24", "previous_source": { "source_reference": "Chapter 5, Part V §§1–10, (5.5.1)–(5.5.31); Part I variable conventions.", "source_version": "CH5-ca737ec4e327", "source_sha256": "ca737ec4e327d72c5507bbc8e00295b6e56029c7583ebad8e505cdb9c68c6262", "source_records": [ { "id": "CH5-ca737ec4e327", "title": "第五章-出版整理稿.docx", "sha256": "ca737ec4e327d72c5507bbc8e00295b6e56029c7583ebad8e505cdb9c68c6262", "format": "docx" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "CH5-ca737ec4e327 · Chapter 5 publication manuscript · Part V", "kind": "locked-manuscript" }, { "label": "Current space dynamics source manifest (identifies the same Chapter 5 file; module scopes remain separate)", "kind": "source-identity", "url": "/downloads/ASD_Space_Dynamics_Source_Manifest.json" } ] }, "source_chapter": "Chapter 5", "source_kind": "manifest", "source_manifest": "final-manuscript-source-manifest.json", "source_manifest_url": "/downloads/ASD_Final_Manuscript_Source_Manifest.json" } --- ## From local spatial states to cosmological questions The preceding gravity, electromagnetism and matter topics examine how a spatial background affects interaction, how open disturbances propagate and how localized configurations persist. Cosmology places these objects on larger scales. If matter and radiation are different forms of spatial organization, how does a changing background affect their formation, exchange and distribution? ASD starts from this shared question and investigates spatial ordering, thermal transport of open modes and possible dynamical sources of additional gravitational response. Part V of Chapter 5 develops several explicit effective constructions. Their variables, boundaries and approximations differ: an ordering potential describes local state selection, transport equations describe mode occupation, static response kernels describe the action of a prescribed source, and coherent fields describe collective modes that can store energy. Including them in one research programme does not establish that they follow from one microscopic action. This page explains their physical connections; calculations continue in [matter formation](/en/theory/cosmology/structure-formation), [cosmic backgrounds](/en/theory/cosmology/cmb) and [dark matter research](/en/theory/cosmology/dark-matter). ## Backgrounds, open modes and localized structures ASD uses longitudinal density or stretching variables for one class of background response, transverse variables for shear and electromagnetic open propagation, and nonlinear fields with internal orientation to investigate matter cores. These names are not interchangeable. The weak static convention in Chapter 5 is $\Phi_N=-c^2\varphi$, $\mathbf g=c^2\nabla\varphi$: $\varphi$ is a dimensionless stretching potential, $\Phi_N$ a gravitational potential per unit mass and $\mathbf g$ an acceleration. By contrast, the local relative density perturbation $\sigma=-\nabla\cdot\mathbf u$ is defined from the displacement variable $\mathbf u$, which has dimensions of length. Whether these descriptions can be identified depends on source coupling and boundary conditions. Open modes transport energy outward; closed cores require finite energy and persistent localization. Background stretching, core formation and radiative exchange can influence one another, but equal propagation speeds do not imply equal particle identities, pressure or detector response. For example, an isotropic, homogeneous collection of gapless free modes with $\omega=ck$ has mean pressure $p=u/3$, where $u$ is energy density. Longitudinal radiation that is difficult to detect electromagnetically cannot be identified as a nearly pressureless cold component on that basis alone. The manuscript separately examines gapped, rapidly oscillating coherent modes to test a different relation between energy and pressure. ## Formation and transport answer different questions Spatial ordering concerns how a high energy state enters a state with nonzero amplitude and orientation. It requires an order parameter, local potential, gradient energy and formation dynamics. A nonzero ordered amplitude must still be followed by a check of topology and localized stability. The critical nucleation radius of a first order transition is a threshold in a prescribed free energy, not a calculated electron or proton radius. Local structure formation, reaction rates and cosmological abundance are distinct levels of calculation. Radiation backgrounds concern mode occupation and energy exchange. Chapter 5 uses the dimensionless mean scale $a_U(t)$ for macroscopic stretching and sets $H=\dot a_U/a_U$. Given this background, constant $c,\hbar$, mode energy quanta and Bose occupation statistics as effective inputs, transport equations describe thermalization, decoupling and spectral dilution. This explains how a prescribed background acts on radiation; it does not independently determine the history of $a_U(t)$ or the observed background temperature. A longitudinal background also requires its own production and thermalization rates, which cannot be supplied by the observed electromagnetic background. ## Turning gravitational response into an observable Dark matter research asks whether spatial response can supply the extra gravitational effects required by observations. The manuscript calculates a higher derivative smoothing kernel, a quasi-two-dimensional logarithmic potential over a finite range, low acceleration nonlinear polarization and long lived neutral coherent modes. They answer different questions. Smoothing redistributes a prescribed point source without adding asymptotic mass; a quasi-two-dimensional potential gives constant circular speed in a specified interval; nonlinear polarization gives a low acceleration scaling under a prescribed constitutive law; and a gapped coherent mode has a nearly pressureless mean state in a rapid oscillation limit. These calculated effective results can be studied independently, but their contributions cannot simply be added to match observations. Their degrees of freedom, source energy accounting and applicable scales must first be established. Rotation curves must connect to lensing through the spatial optics of Chapter 2; collisions additionally require finite propagation, migration and relaxation dynamics. The observational goal is to test whether one parameter set explains dynamics, lensing, background spectra and structure growth together. The final manuscript treats short-range smoothing, disk confinement, low-acceleration polarization, gapped coherent oscillation and finite-propagation memory as candidate responses of one spatial medium under different boundary conditions. Their unification requires a constitutive choice from the master dynamics. They are not five independently adjustable forms of dark mass. ## Starting a calculation and the present scope A reviewable calculation can begin with one effective model and one boundary problem: record the source distribution, normalization, parameter provenance and target observable, then check the energy, far field, stability and range of the solution. Local foundations are covered in [gravity](/en/theory/gravity), [space dynamics](/en/theory/space-dynamics) and [matter stability](/en/theory/matter/stability). The [prediction registry](/en/tests/predictions) distinguishes reproduction of known results from closed discriminatory predictions. These pages organize the cosmological exploration in the locked manuscript and retain the HYPOTHESIS and UNTESTED classification. They offer conditional equations and calculations that can be checked, rather than completed ASD galaxy fits, joint cosmic background fits, an expansion history or a mechanism for matter dominance. The reader can use the effective results while identifying the interfaces still required for a unified cosmological account. ## Sources and further reading The theoretical source is Chapter 5 of the final collected manuscript, Anisotropic Space Dynamics (ASD-BOOK-ddbade997b45), Part V, “Cosmic matter formation, background radiation and dark matter effects,” with the variable conventions in Part I. This is an exploratory guide. Manuscript equation numbers identify existing constructions; no new equation registry entries are created, and the guides do not replace the formal baselines of the specialist modules. The [manuscript–website guide](/en/research/monograph) explains the book's scope; [knowledge scope and sources](/en/ai/knowledge-base) provides the existing module source records. Organizing these pages does not introduce a full manuscript download.